Avian adenovirus is highly pathogenic to chickens, especially for which are 3 to 5 weeks old. It has emerged as one of the leading causes of economic losses in the poultry industry over the last 30 years. The liver is the primary target organ of adenovirus infections, and chickens infected with the virus often show signs of hydropericardium syndrome. The virus is very contagious and spreads both vertically and horizontally.
Poultry adenovirus (FAdV) is the causative agent of hydropericardium syndrome (HPS), a serious disease characterized by the accumulation of clear, straw-colored fluid in the pericardial sac of broilers. Mortality rates range from 30% to 70% [1]. Since the first FAdV-4 outbreak in Pakistan in 1987, the virus has spread to large areas of Asia, Central and South America, and some European countries [2].
Spread of Adenovirus
It can be transmitted horizontal and vertical
Adenovirus is transmitted horizontally from flock to flock through the fecal-oral route. If broiler chickens are infected before laying eggs, their offspring are most likely to be infected congenitally, facilitating vertical transmission of the agent. Wild birds with high positive HPS rates can serve as specific reservoirs for the spread of disease under natural conditions.
Preventing strategies
Biosecurity is first
It is important to prevent wild birds, which act as reservoirs, from entering the farm.
For this purpose, bait spills should be cleaned regularly, environmental leveling should be done well to prevent water puddles, and potential nesting places should be checked regularly.
Staff and visitors should be supervised.
It is necessary to limit visitor entry and to keep regular entry-exit records. The personnel should not have contact with wild birds and should not have any poultry farming activities in their outside life.
Cleaning and disinfection rules must be followed.
Apart from routine cleaning and disinfection applications, the effective use of foot pools should be emphasized.
Choosing the right disinfectant
Thinking you're protected is more dangerous than knowing you're not
Like all non-enveloped viruses, adenovirus has a high resistance to attack by disinfectants. For this reason, make sure that the disinfectant you use is dosed to Adenovirus at an effective rate and that sufficient contact time is allowed for inactivation, taking into account the effects of environmental conditions (temperature, water hardness, pH, etc.).
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Kaynaklar
[1] (Cheema ve diğerleri, 1989; Man-soor ve diğerleri, 2011; Zhao ve diğerleri, 2015; Shah ve diğerleri, 2016).
[2] (Ravindran ve Roy, 2014).